PMA Stats & Data
CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NNEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-NPharmacology
DrugBankMechanism of Action
4-Methoxyamphetamine is a seratogenic drug of the amphetamine class. The drug acts as a potent and selective serotonin releasing agent. It binds to alpha receptors to mediate these effects.
Receptor Profile
Receptor Actions
Toxicity
PsychonautWikiPMA and its relative PMMA can be considered extremely toxic when compared to other substances such as Methamphetamine or MDMA . Ingestion of PMA has been associated with severe tachycardia (abnormally high heart rate), seizures, dehydration, hyperthermia, and death. PMA has a relatively slow onset, causing many users to redose which causes excess toxicity. It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.
Effect Profile
Curated + 8 ReportsModerate visuals with mild auditory effects and body load, low headspace
Moderate stimulation with strong anxiety/jitters, low euphoria and focus
Tolerance & Pharmacokinetics
drugs.wikiTolerance Decay
Data on PMA-specific tolerance are scarce; pattern approximated from amphetamine-like stimulants with serotonergic activity. Anecdotal reports suggest rapid acute tolerance during binges and partial cross-tolerance with MDMA-class agents.
Cross-Tolerances
Experience Report Analysis
ErowidDemographics
Gender Distribution
Too few reports for a chart: gender is known from 17 reports, and a split is drawn only from 20 reports or more. Counts are shown instead. Why 20?
- Female 4 of 17
- Male 12 of 17
- Not Specified 1 of 17
Age Distribution
Reports Over Time
Effect Analysis
ErowidEffects aggregated from 8 experience reports (8 single-substance Erowid)
Effect Sentiment Distribution
Confidence Distribution
Each bar is the share of reports mentioning the effect; its whisker, and the band on the rows below, is the 95% interval: where the share could plausibly be with other reports of the same kind.
Too few reports for bars: these effects come from 8 single-substance Erowid reports, and a bar is drawn only from 20 reports or more. With fewer, a percentage cannot tell a common effect from a rare one. Counts are shown instead. Why 20?
Positive Effects 1
Adverse Effects 2
Show 1 neutral or unclassified mention
Also reported in combinations. In the 9 PMA reports where another drug was taken too, 4 mention hospital, emergency services or an overdose, 0 a seizure and 2 psychosis (too few reports for percentages). In the 8 single-substance reports: 4, 0 and 0. These are not in the figures above: they cannot be put down to PMA alone, and a mention is not always something that happened to the writer.
Common Combinations
Most co-occurring substances, as a share of all 17 reports filed under PMA
Too few reports for bars: these combinations come from 17 reports, and a bar is drawn only from 20 reports or more. With fewer, a percentage cannot tell a common effect from a rare one. Counts are shown instead. Why 20?
- THC 4 of 17
Form / Preparation
Most common forms and preparations, as a share of the 8 reports that give one
Too few reports for bars: these forms come from 8 reports, and a bar is drawn only from 20 reports or more. With fewer, a percentage cannot tell a common effect from a rare one. Counts are shown instead. Why 20?
- Pill / Tablet 7 of 8
Redose Patterns
Redosing behavior across 10 reports
Too few reports for a chart: redosing is known from 10 reports, and a split is drawn only from 20 reports or more. Counts are shown instead. Why 20?
- Single dose 10 of 10
- Redosed 0 of 10
Legal Status
| Country | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | PMA is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015). | A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities. |
| Austria | PMA is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich) | | |
| Brazil | Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. | |
| Canada | PMA is a Schedule I substance. | |
| Finland | Substance is scheduled in decree of the government on amending the government decree on substances, preparations and plants considered to be narcotic drugs. | |
| Germany | PMA is part of the Appendix 1 of the Betäubungsmittelgesetz. | Therefore, owning and distribution of PMA is illegal. |
| Netherlands | On 13 June 2012 Edith Schippers, Dutch Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, revoked the legality of PMA in the Netherlands after five deaths were reported in that year. | |
| Russia | PMA is classed as a Schedule I substance. | |
| Switzerland | PMA is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D. | |
| United Kingdom | PMA is a Class A drug in the UK. | |
| United States | PMA is classified as a Schedule I hallucinogen under the Controlled Substances Act in the United States. |
Harm Reduction
drugs.wikiExtremely narrow therapeutic index: the gap between a ‘common’ dose and life-threatening toxicity is small. PMA is frequently mis-sold as MDMA in pressed pills or powders, but it has slower onset (often >60 minutes) and less euphoria, prompting risky redosing that has been implicated in clusters of fatalities. Expect marked hyperthermia and hypertension risk; avoid hot environments, prolonged dancing, and strenuous activity. If effects are unexpectedly delayed or atypical for MDMA, do not redose and seek a cool, quiet space. Hydrate with small sips of isotonic fluids (~300 mL/hour) and avoid overhydration. Reagent testing: PMA typically shows no reaction with Marquis/Mecke; PMMA may show a blue Simon’s reaction without MDMA-like Marquis/Mecke changes. Absence of the expected MDMA reaction is a red flag—only lab drug checking (e.g., GC/MS) can confirm composition. Strongly avoid combinations with serotonergic agents (SSRIs, MAOIs, tramadol, dextromethorphan, triptans) and with other stimulants or MDMA, due to serotonin syndrome and hyperthermia risk. Seek emergency help for high temperature, confusion/agitation, severe headache, chest pain, or persistent vomiting. Given its poor safety profile and repeated association with deaths, routine recreational use is not advised.
References
Data Sources
Cited References
Additional references
- Erowid PMA Vault (general info, risks, historical outbreaks)
- Erowid-hosted EMCDDA/EMCDDA-style PDF with PMA pharmacotoxicology notes (incl. identity, historical harms)
- Saferparty Zürich – PMA page (dose caution, delayed onset, risk profile)
- Saferparty Zürich – MDMA warnings with practical harm reduction (wait 2 h; ~3 dl/h hydrating)
- EUDA (ex-EMCDDA) – PMMA risk assessment & mixing risks; PMA/PMMA in ecstasy products
- EUDA news (2002): high overdose risk esp. when confused with MDMA; mixing with alcohol/stimulants increases risk
- DrugWise – PMA overview and DrugWatch factsheet (mis-selling, deaths, toxicity)
- DrugWise – DrugWatch factsheet PMA/PMMA (context and harms)
- Bluelight: ‘PMA important’ thread (Marquis no reaction reported; cautions)
- Reddit r/ReagentTesting: PMA/PMMA reagent patterns discussion (Simons positive for PMMA; no Marquis/Mecke)