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    Deschloroketamine molecular structure

    Deschloroketamine Stats & Data

    2'-oxo-pcm 2-oxo-pcm dck dxe o-pcm opcm
    PubChem
    MW203.28
    FormulaC13H17NO
    LogP1.6
    IUPAC2-(methylamino)-2-phenylcyclohexan-1-one
    SMILESCNC1(CCCCC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
    InChIKeyZAGBSZSITDFFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    Chemical Class Arylcyclohexylamine
    Psychoactive Class Dissociative

    Measured Affinities

    Guide to PHARMACOLOGY

    Measured binding and functional data for S-deschloroketamine, curated by the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. Each row cites the paper it came from. Lower concentrations mean tighter binding — a value in the sub-nanomolar range indicates a very potent interaction.

    Target Action Measure Value Concentration Species Source
    GluN2B GRIN2B Antagonist pKd 5.44 3,631 nM Human PMID 34519023

    Reading this. pKi, pEC50 and pIC50 are negative log molar values, so a higher number means a tighter interaction; the concentration column converts them for you. Values from non-human species are laboratory measurements and do not translate directly to human effect. Receptor affinity is not a dose — it describes what a molecule binds, not how much of it is safe to take.

    Receptor data from the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (v2026.2), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Matched to this substance by InChIKey.

    History & Culture

    1966–present

    Deschloroketamine was first described in a 1966 patent filed by Calvin Stevens at Parke-Davis in Michigan. Stevens, who is also credited with the synthesis of ketamine and phencyclidine, outlined the preparation methods for this structurally related compound. Despite this early documentation, the substance did not see significant investigation or use for several decades following its initial synthesis.

    1998–2000

    In the late 1990s, researchers Detlef Preiss and Akos Tatar from Germany filed a series of patents describing potential medical applications for deschloroketamine. Their work proposed that the substance possessed antimicrobial properties and could provide therapeutic benefit for bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoal infections. The patents also suggested potential immunomodulatory effects at low doses of approximately 2 milligrams per day. These claims have remained largely uninvestigated by subsequent research, and speculation regarding these alleged properties continues within discussions of the substance. The potential implications of any antimicrobial or immunosuppressive activity, if validated, could represent health concerns for individuals using the substance recreationally.

    2015–2016

    Deschloroketamine first appeared on European drug monitoring systems in March 2015, when the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction received its initial report through the European Union's Early Warning System. This report originated from the United Kingdom. Analysis of drug seizures in Italy between 2015 and 2016 revealed that deschloroketamine was being sold misrepresented as ketamine. Of 102 envelopes seized that were purportedly ketamine powder, all green and blue envelopes were determined to contain deschloroketamine, while pink envelopes contained methoxetamine. By 2016, the substance had established a presence on dark net marketplaces including AlphaBay and Valhalla. Data from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration's laboratory system documented at least eight seizures of deschloroketamine within the country during that year. The compound has since become readily accessible through online research chemical vendors, where it continues to be sold as a designer drug despite its very limited history of human use and minimal data regarding its pharmacological properties and toxicity.

    Subjective Effects

    Physical
    • Muscle relaxation
    • Tactile disconnection
    • Spontaneous tactile sensations
    • Tactile suppression
    • Physical autonomy
    • Motor control loss
    • Physical euphoria
    • Perception of decreased weight
    • Dizziness
    • Nausea
    • Visual sliding
    • Decreased libido
    Cognitive
    • Depersonalization
    • Derealization
    • Consciousness disconnection
    • Memory suppression
    • Ego death
    • Thought deceleration
    • Immersion enhancement
    • Information processing suppression
    • Time distortion
    • Euphoria
    • Introspection
    • Déjà vu
    • Conceptual thinking
    • Compulsive redosing
    • Anxiety
    • Disinhibition
    • Amnesia
    • Creativity enhancement
    • Language suppression
    • Existential self-realization
    Sensory
    Auditory
    • Suppression
    • Distortions
    • Hallucinations
    Visual · Distortions
    • Perspective distortions
    • Environmental cubism
    • Environmental orbism
    • Scenery slicing
    Visual · Hallucinatory States
    • Internal hallucinations: (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; alterations in perspective and scenarios and plots)
    Visual · Suppression
    • Visual disconnection: This eventually results in DCK's equivalent of the famous "k-hole" or, more specifically, holes, spaces and voids alongside of structures.
    • Visual acuity suppression
    • Double vision
    • Pattern recognition suppression
    • Frame rate suppression

    Forked from Subjective Effect Documentation work by Josie Kins, August 2016. Via dose.wiki (CC0).

    Toxicity

    PsychonautWiki

    The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DCK use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because DCK has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried DCK within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. As DCK has been speculated to have antibacterial properties, its prolonged use could potentially pose a serious threat to one's health and immune system.

    Effect Profile

    Curated + 12 Reports
    Dissociative 6.0

    Strong dissociative depth with strong motor impairment, mild mania, low insight

    Dissociative Depth×3
    10
    Mania / Compulsion×1
    4
    Insight / Novel Thought×2
    3
    Motor / Sensory Impairment×1
    10

    Duration Timeline

    Bluelight
    Onset Comeup Peak Offset After Effects
    Insufflated
    6-12 minutes
    30 minutes - 1.0 hours
    1.5-2.5 hours
    1-2 hours
    3-24 hours
    Total: 3-6 hours
    Oral
    12-30 minutes
    30 minutes - 1.0 hours
    1.5-2.5 hours
    1-2 hours
    3-24 hours
    Total: 3-6 hours
    Smoked
    1-8 hours
    Total: 3-6 hours

    Community Effects

    TripSit
    Positive
    dissociation
    Negative
    body load

    Tolerance & Pharmacokinetics

    drugs.wiki
    Half-Life
    Unknown in humans; user reports suggest a psychoactive window often longer than ketamine despite similar presumed elimination times. Treat as longer‑acting and avoid redosing based on ketamine timing.
    Addiction Potential
    Moderate to high. Rapid tolerance, strong urge to redose, and daily gram‑level binges have been described anecdotally; dissociative habit formation is well‑documented for ketamine analogues.

    Tolerance Decay

    Full tolerance 2d Half tolerance 7d Baseline ~14d

    Anecdotal data suggest marked acute tolerance after a day or two of consecutive dosing, partial decay after several days, and near‑baseline after 1–2 weeks; cross‑tolerance is common across NMDA‑antagonist dissociatives. Data quality is low and individualized.

    Cross-Tolerances

    Ketamine
    O-PCE
    MXE
    DXM
    Other arylcyclohexylamines

    Experience Report Analysis

    Erowid
    31 Reports
    12 Single-substance
    2016–2025 Date Range
    29 With Age Data
    8 Effects Detected

    Demographics

    Gender Distribution

    Age Distribution

    Reports Over Time

    Effect Analysis

    Erowid

    Effects aggregated from 12 experience reports (12 single-substance Erowid)

    12 Reports
    8 Effects Detected
    4 Positive
    1 Adverse
    3 Neutral

    Effect Sentiment Distribution

    Confidence Distribution

    Each bar is the share of reports mentioning the effect; its whisker, and the band on the rows below, is the 95% interval: where the share could plausibly be with other reports of the same kind.

    Too few reports for bars: these effects come from 12 single-substance Erowid reports, and a bar is drawn only from 20 reports or more. With fewer, a percentage cannot tell a common effect from a rare one. Counts are shown instead. Why 20?

    Positive Effects 4

    Stimulation 5 of 12 70%
    Music Enhancement 5 of 12 70%
    Empathy 4 of 12 70%
    Color Enhancement 3 of 12 70%

    Adverse Effects 1

    Confusion 4 of 12 70%
    Show 3 neutral or unclassified mentions
    Dissociation 6 of 12
    Visual Distortions 5 of 12
    Sedation 4 of 12

    Also reported in combinations. In the 19 Deschloroketamine reports where another drug was taken too, 0 mention hospital, emergency services or an overdose, 0 a seizure and 3 psychosis (too few reports for percentages). In the 12 single-substance reports: 2, 0 and 1. These are not in the figures above: they cannot be put down to Deschloroketamine alone, and a mention is not always something that happened to the writer.

    Real-World Dose Distribution

    Erowid

    From 63 of 70 recorded dose entries: those that state a weight (mg, g or µg), in routes with at least five of them. Values above Q3 + 3×IQR, far above what people typically take, are left out; they can include real heavy doses and overdoses, not only mistakes.

    Rectal (n=28)

    Median: 12.5mg 25th: 10.0mg 75th: 20.0mg 90th: 25.0mg

    Oral (n=14)

    Median: 35.0mg 25th: 20.0mg 75th: 40.0mg 90th: 47.0mg

    Sublingual (n=5)

    Median: 40.0mg 25th: 30.0mg 75th: 50.0mg 90th: 50.0mg

    Insufflated (n=15)

    Median: 30.0mg 25th: 15.0mg 75th: 50.0mg 90th: 86.0mg

    Common Combinations

    Most co-occurring substances, as a share of all 31 reports filed under Deschloroketamine; whiskers are 95% intervals

    Form / Preparation

    Most common forms and preparations, as a share of the 27 reports that give one; whiskers are 95% intervals

    Body-Weight Dosing

    Dose per kg of body weight, one dose per report (the first listed), from reports giving a weight of 30–250 kg. Doses above Q3 + 3×IQR, far above what people typically take, are left out of the median and range and listed under each route.

    Median: 0.382 mg/kg IQR: 0.311–0.747 mg/kg n=8

    Redose Patterns

    Redosing behavior across 28 reports

    28.6% (95% interval 15 to 47 percent) Redosed
    1.5 Avg Doses
    203m Median Interval

    Legal Status

    Country Status Notes
    Austria Illegal Controlled under the Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung (NPSV), Austria's new psychoactive substances regulation.
    Canada Controlled Prohibited under a general ban on arylcyclohexylamines. Production, distribution, and possession are illegal.
    Czech Republic Legal Not currently scheduled or controlled under Czech drug legislation. Possession and use are not criminalized.
    Germany NpSG (Controlled) Controlled under the Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (New Psychoactive Substances Act) since July 18, 2019. Production and import with intent to distribute, administration to others, and trading are criminal offenses. Possession is prohibited but not subject to criminal penalties.
    Italy Illegal Classified as an illegal substance under Italian drug control legislation.
    Latvia Illegal Prohibited substance under Latvian controlled substances laws.
    Netherlands Legal (under review) Remains unscheduled as of the available information, though regulatory review was scheduled with a plenary hearing set for January 21, 2025.
    Switzerland Controlled (Verzeichnis E) Specifically named as a controlled substance under Verzeichnis E of the Swiss narcotics scheduling system.
    United Kingdom Class B Controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause as an N-alkyl derivative of 2-amino-2-phenylcyclohexanone, added via S.I. 2013/239 effective February 26, 2013. Possession, production, supply, and import are prohibited.
    United States Uncontrolled Not a scheduled substance at the federal level as of July 2017. However, it may be subject to prosecution under the Federal Analogue Act if sold for human consumption due to its structural similarity to ketamine.

    Harm Reduction

    drugs.wiki

    • Identity/purity vary: DCK is frequently confused with or sold alongside ketamine analogues; lab checking is strongly advised where available. Toronto’s Drug Checking Service has detected deschloroketamine within expected ketamine submissions, highlighting substitution/mixing risk in real-world markets. Use lab‑grade drug checking when possible; reagents alone are not definitive. • Compared to racemic ketamine, DCK is typically reported as roughly 2–3× as potent by weight and longer‑lasting; this increases the risk of accidental over-intoxication if dosing by ‘ketamine-sized’ lines. • Strong dissociation can rapidly escalate to incapacitation or delusional states at higher doses; plan set/setting, sit down before dosing, and avoid heights/water. Physical accident risk is increased on dissociatives. • Bladder/urinary toxicity: heavy or frequent arylcyclohexylamine use is linked to ulcerative cystitis and kidney issues; stop immediately if you notice urgency, frequency, pain, hematuria, or incontinence, and seek medical evaluation. Space sessions (days to weeks), hydrate normally (avoid extreme over-hydration), and urinate regularly during/after use to reduce urothelial exposure. • Tolerance rises quickly and can promote compulsive redosing; many users report mood instability, insomnia, and cognitive fog after binges. • Insufflation harms nasal mucosa; crush finely, use your own sterile straw/scoop, rinse with saline, and rest your nose. • Vaporizing/inhalation has an ultra-rapid onset that can cause sudden blackout; avoid using in risky environments and beware of freebase aerosolization. • Do not mix with other depressants (alcohol, GHB/GBL, opioids); this combination is associated with unexpected unconsciousness and aspiration risk. Benzodiazepines add sedation and can complicate airway protection if you lose consciousness. • Avoid driving or operating machinery for at least 24 hours after dissociative use (and longer if you still feel affected). • Leave at least 48–72 h between sessions to curb tolerance and reduce urinary risk; weeks are safer after heavy days. • Always weigh doses on a milligram scale; if the batch is unverified, start at the threshold range and titrate slowly.

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