1,3-Butanediol Stats & Data
PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-NPharmacology
DrugBankMetabolism
Butanediol is metabolized by the liver... beta-hydroxybutyric acid /a main metabolite/ is further metabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to carbon dioxide, which accounts for about 90% of the dose administered. In other studies... in which rats were fed 1,3-butanediol for 3 to 7 weeks, it was found that the blood level of beta-hydroxybutyrate, was also higher than normal.
Toxicity
PubChemSafe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org 1,3-Butanediol is not irritating to human skin or mucous membranes. When applied to the human eye it causes immediate severe stinging, but irrigation with water brings rapid complete relief.
Carcinogenicity
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Tolerance & Pharmacokinetics
drugs.wikiNo tolerance chart. Our decay curves for these drugs were estimates, and a curve can make tolerance look longer-lasting than it is, which is the dangerous direction.
How fast tolerance to these drugs fades after a break has not been measured well enough to draw, so don't count on a dose you used to take still being safe: after time off, start with a much smaller amount and don't use alone. Mixing sedatives with each other, with alcohol or with opioids sharply raises the risk of a fatal overdose. If you've been using regularly, don't stop suddenly: withdrawal from benzodiazepines, alcohol or GHB/GBL can cause seizures or delirium, so get medical help to cut down gradually.
Sources: FRANK: benzodiazepines · Alcohol and Drug Foundation: GHB · FDA 2020: benzodiazepine boxed warning · FDA 2019: gabapentinoids and breathing · NHS: alcohol use disorder